Neo FreeRunner Hardware
From Openmoko
OpenMoko is a software distribution stack that sits on top of a hardware platform. The Neo FreeRunner phone is the second hardware platform to take advantage of OpenMoko. You can find specifics of the hardware by reviewing this introduction page and the pages in the category as shown at the bottom of this page.
NOTE: This page is about hardware that is currently in design/prototype phase, changes are frequent |
Summary
- FIC building a Linux based smart phone with full GPL compatible firmware source code for OPENMOKO, project code named GTA02 (Neo FreeRunner)
Detail hardware component selection could be found in Neo FreeRunner GTA02 Hardware
Features
- Display- Topply o2.8, 480 x 640 pixels, VGA, 200 NIT minimum, resistance type touch
- User Interface Navigation- Touch screen on LCD, 2 control “buttons”, 1 Power button, 1 Aux for 911 emergency call
- Built in 802.11b/g Radio (Atheros chipset AR6001 Flash version)
- Built in Bluetooth 2.0 + EDR (CSR and support PCM audio , BC4 frimware version)
- Built in 2D/3D graphics acceleration chip (S-Media 3362)
- Built in 2x Tri-Axis sensor (ST accelerometer LIS3LV02DL)
- Built in GPS Radio – -130 dbm with internal antenna, -157 dbm tracking on chipset specification , TTFF under 40 seconds with -130 dbm signal strength, and tracking (u-Blox)
- Antenna – Specialized antenna for best in hand hold GPS, GPRS and Wi-Fi/Bluetooth performance are required, -105dbm on receiving, Tx 30dbm+2 on GSM
- External Antennae – MMCX GPS connector
- GPRS Radio –GSM/GPRS radio. A Pre-PTCRB certified module will be preferred
- Linux – Linux kernel 2.6.24 or later OpenMoko kernel
- USB - Client and Host mode switch-able (to be used for software downloading), provide host 5v power
- Power- Normal mode power will be via 1200 mAh battery with built-in coulomb counter, could charge via specialized charger. Internal Lithium Ion or Lithium Polymer battery will keep device in standby mode. Battery life (Approximation/Ideal Target) Standby time 150-200 Hrs (GSM) Talk time (Backlight off) Up to 3-4 hrs(GSM)
- LED- LED indicator under Aux/Power button key
Hardware Specification
Hardware Electrical
- 400/500 MHz Samsung 2442B Processor/SOC (400 minimum)
- Boot code in NAND FLASH or 2MB NOR FLASH (optional design)
- 128 MB SDRAM total, 64 MB CPU internal, 64 MB external
- 256MB NAND Flash MCP package.
Display
- Topploy VGA ; 2.8” diagonal, 480 x 640 pixels
- Transmissive display: good readability in high ambient light is essential
- White LED backlight. Required brightness is 200 NIT minimum.
- Resistance type touch panel.
WiFi 802.11 b/g transceiver
- Must have GPL support source or GPL compatible policy
- TX power at 11 Mbps: 13 dBm minimum
- RX sensitivity at 11 Mbps: -89 dBm desired, -83 dBm minimum
- AP mode desirable, not required
- WEP and WPA supported
- Atheros perferred because it's GPL policy
Serial interfaces (UART)
- Three serial interfaces are required
- Console
- A-GPS or GPS
- GSM/GPRS
Accelerometer
- 2x accelerometer required
- Could support interrupt while suspend or power save mode
- 3 axis sensing
A-GPS
- GPS chipset receiver and antenna
- Sensitivity at Antenna port: -157 dBm tracking on chipset specifiaction
- LNA and SAW filter for maximum interference protection
- Cold start time to first fix: 40 sec typical at -130 dBm, 60 sec max
- Must support GPL for Assist-GPS function with open API
- Industry quality GPS
- Could fit in GTA01 GPS area on the PCB
GPS Antenna Performance
- Antenna is passive and internal; 15 mm x 15 mm ceramic patch is nominal design
- Antenna LNA and SAW filter are required to meet GPS performance
- 15 mm square ground plane (minimum 1 mm ground border around patch) (TBA)
- There will be one external GPS antenna connector (MMCX)
- C/N ratio should higher than 35 on production testing
Buttons
- Touch screen over LCD is primary data entry mechanism
- Two “hard” buttons: Power button (on side of Neo1973) is a mechanical switch actuated by a plastic pushbutton in a hole in the housing. Aux (911) button on the top of the device, All two of these buttons, when pushed by the operator, are binary inputs (on/off or pressed/not pressed) to the software. The effect of each button is determined by the application software in the device
- Buttons may need to be backlit
- 50000 cycles on hardware specification
Sound outputs
- Speaker in box (need good volume and acoustic behavior innoise environment)
- Audio is monophonic*Max volume: 100 dB at 5 cm to assure good performance in environment.
- Support earphone with mic by jack
Power Design Requirements
- Software based power managment uint perferred
- NXP PCF series perferred
- Need support charge from USB function
- Need support powered by USB function
- Power switch: Neo1973 will have a power switch, for power on/off and suspend
- Power/Aux switch must be backlit
- Switch controls whether device is running or suspended by presses of the switch
- Switch does not shut off the power; it only suspends/resumes the device
- Internal Li-Ion or Li-Polymer battery is included. This battery supplies standby power to the device eliminates the rebooting of the device when local power is again reapplied. Battery is 1200 ma-hr.
- Battery life (Approximation) Ideal/Target Standby time 150-200 Hrs (GSM) Talk time (Backlight off) Up to 4 hrs(GSM)
- Estimated current draw for the entire device when in suspend mode (and ALL peripherals are turned off or set for deep sleep) is <5 mA at 3.6 volts (LiIon terminal voltage).
- GSM module deep sleep(alive and keep contact with base station) stage should take less than 8mA
- Battery will reach half capacity (~600 ma-hr) with 500 charge-discharge cycles. This will occur in less than 2 years of daily service.
- When powered continuously, Neo1973 must suspend (to low power mode) based either on observed low battery voltage condition or a configurable time delay.
- Neo1973 must monitor battery status while suspended and resume automatically if the charger is inserted.
- Primary power connection: 1200mAh battery
- USB charger have ID pin 47.5k pull down for OPENMOKO identification
- Indicators: an LED indicator visible from the side of the unit will illuminate when charging or have missing incoming call
GSM/GPRS
- 850/1800/1900 and 900/1800/1900 MHz bands must be supported
- Design should allow for multi-band version (850/900 MHz)
- Module based GPRS transceiver could meeting PTCRB and appropriate FCC certifications. It preferred that the module be pre-certified with PTCRB or OTA test
- FCC/CE certification required for GSM/GPRS part
GSM-GPRS Antenna Performance
- -105 dBm receiving on each channel (GSM/PCS)
- 30+2 dBm transmission on GSM channel
Wi-Fi Modules
- Must support GPL driver
- Atheros AR6k perferred
- Flash version required
Wi-Fi Antenna Performance
- The Wi-Fi antenna with TX 13 to 15 dBm
- RX -89 to -83 dBm @802.11b 11Mbps or an equivalent performance antenna
Bluetooth
- CSR BC4 or later solutions
USB
- Neo1973 GTA02 will have USB, client/host. Using USB 1.1
- Could provide USB host 5v power
- Could be powered by USB
Microphone
1 microphone is in the device
Firmware Image
- Using Linux 2.6.24 or later
- Could support boot from NAND or Boot from NOR
- Shiiping image should come with basic phone function
- Could do full firmware upgrade by USB cable
PSN
- Device will have a PSN (product serial number) printed on the product label and machine readable in system NAND memory
IMEI
- Production phase should have IMEI code wriiten
Package Specification
- Weight: ~150 grams with battery.
- 4 in 1 laser pen passed RoHs and safty regulation for laser equipment safty
- 1x 512MB microSD Card (SandDisk/Trendcend)
- 1x USB cable Standard A to mini-B connector
- 1x 1200mAh smart/gauge battery
- Quick start guide
- 5v USB power cord w/100-240 switchable power plug
- Safety card, warrantee card
- Package could pass 1m to 1.5m drop test
- AC USB charger,100v-240v, Passed UL and all required safty regulation
- Must pass FCC/CE certification
- Must pass NCC certification for Taiwain import regulation
- RoHS Compatible
- WEEE Report required
Life Cycle Specification
Product Life
The product is designed to last a minimum of 2 years.
Operating Temperature
- Target operating range is –10°C to +60°C
Storage Temperature
- -15 deg C to +70 deg C
ESD
The device can withstand a 4.0kV contact discharge and 8.0kV air
Drop test
Should pass 1m direct drop to concrete ground or 1.5m on slide with carpet
GTA02 Hardware Component Selection
Physical Dimensions
- 120.7 x 62 x 18.5 mm (4.75 x 2.44 x 0.728 inch)
- 110 +/- 5 g (4 ounces) without battery
Main components
Processor
The main Processor (CPU) of the Neo1973 GTA02 is a Samsung S3C2442B B54 (running at 400 MHz)
- Product Homepage: Samsung SC32442B
- User Manual: FIXME
- Core: ARM920T
- Instruction Set: ARMv4 (Android currently requires ARMv5)
- Built-in 64MB SDRAM
- Built-in 256 MB NAND
- Could run at 500Mhz
- GPIO Assignments: https://svn.openmoko.org/trunk/doc/hardware/GTA02v4/gpio.txt
- Evaluation board: S3C2442 EVB
Power Management
A NXP PCF50633 04 N3 is used for power management.
- NXP PMU index: NXP PMU index page
- Product Datasheet: NXP PCF50633 Product Data Sheet
- Product User manual: NXP PCF50633 User Manual
- Special thanks NXP provide full user manual and support openness for all developer
- Datasheet/User manual usage was legally authorized by NXP
- Connected to: S3C2442 via I2C, client address is 0x08.
- Driver Source: https://svn.openmoko.org/trunk/src/target/kernel/patches/pcf50633.patch
Flash
NAND Flash
256MB integrated Samsung NAND flash inside the 2442 multi-chip package, attached to the S3C2442 NAND controller
- Product Homepage: S3C2442
- Data Sheet: S3C2442 B54 comes with 256 MB NAND MCP package
- Connected to: S3C2442 NAND controller
NOR Flash
16MBit ST M58WR016KB706E NOR flash for 'unbrickable emergency boot' feature.
- Product Homepage: ST Mobile Flash NOR/Mobile Terminal
- Data Sheet: FIXME
- Connected to: S3C2442 NAND controller
SDRAM
128MB SDRAM (64MB inside 2442 MCP, 1x Samsung K4M51323PC) attached to S3C2442 SDRAM controller
- Product Homepage: Samsung K4M51323PC
- Data Sheet: Samsung K4M51323PC
- Connected to: S3C2442
GSM/GPRS
The GSM (including GPRS) modem is Texas Instruments Calypso based.
- Connected to: S3C2442 UART1 (full-uart, RxD, TxD, CTS, RTS), /dev/ttySAC0 in userspace
- PM Driver: https://svn.openmoko.org/trunk/src/target/kernel/patches/gta01-power_control.patch
- Accessible GSM/GPRS antenna jack (if battery cover is removed)
CALYPSO ASIC digital baseband
Unfortunately we cannot provide many details on the GSM chipset due to very tight NDAs. However, this is not neccessarily required, since it interfaces using a standard UART serial line with the S3C2442. On that interface, GSM 07.05, GSM 07.10 and other standardized protocols are used.
- Calypso D751992AZHH
- The firmware within GTA02 should be moko6 or later (internal code name)
TI TWL3025BZGMR analog baseband
- Product Homepage: TWL3014
TI TRF6151 (GSM/PCS) RF Transceiver
- Product Homepage: TRF6151
GPRS Class12/CS4
AGPS
u-blox ANTARIS 4 chip
- Connected to: S3C2442 UART2, /dev/ttySAC1 in userspace
- Driver: none needed, talks standard NMEA
- u-blox Antaris 4 Protocol Protocol download page
- ATR0635 Datasheet: u-blox ATR0635
Accelerometers
Two ST LIS302DL
- Homepage: http://www.st.com/stonline/products/literature/ds/12726/lis302dl.htm
- Datasheet: http://www.st.com/stonline/products/literature/ds/12726.pdf
- Connected to: S3C2442 via SPI interface
- S3C2442 SPI EINT interrupt inputs
Graphics/3D Acceleration
Smedia Glamo 3362.
- Homepage: http://www.smediatech.com/product3362.htm
- Driver: https://svn.openmoko.org/trunk/src/target/kernel/patches/smedia-glamo.patch
- Data sheet: FIXME
- Connected to: S3C2442 Address/Data bus
microSD
The GTA02 has one microSD aka Transflash slot. Using the Glamo 3362 MMC/SD controller
- It should support SDHC, and 4GB card has been tested. Anyone with 8GB card? MicroSD slot is under battery.
- Connected to: Glamo 3362 MMC/SD controller
- Driver: Check svn for the SMedia driver with SD implementation
- Supported microSD cards
- Specifications: SD Simplified Specification, MMC (partial), MMC (product manual)
- SANDISK 128 MB/512 MB and some 4G SDHC card been verified could work on GTA02
LCD Module (LCM)
Toppoly (tpo) 2.8" diagonal (1.7" x 2.27" - 43mm x 58mm) 480x640 TD028TTEC1 module, using a Toshiba JBT6K74 TFT
LCD Driver Chipset.
- Homepage: Activer-Matrix-VGA.htm
- Specification: FIXME
- Driver: https://svn.openmoko.org/trunk/src/target/kernel/patches/gta01-jbt6k74.patch
- Backlight Driver: https://svn.openmoko.org/trunk/src/target/kernel/patches/gta01-backlight.patch
- Connected to: Glamo3362 LCM interface and Glamo3362 SPI Interface
Touch Screen
- Connected to: S3C2442 TS controller
- Driver: https://svn.openmoko.org/trunk/src/target/kernel/patches/s3c2410_touchscreen.patch
Bluetooth Module
Delta DFBM-CS320 Class2 Module, using CSR BlueCore4
- Data Sheet: 2.DFBM-CS320.pdf
- CSR Data Sheet: CS-101564-DSP10 BlueCore4-ROM Product Data Sheet.pdf
- Driver: Stock Linux Kernel BlueZ
- Connected to: S3C2442 USB Host controller (OHCI)
- PM Driver: https://svn.openmoko.org/trunk/src/target/kernel/patches/gta01-power_control.patch
Bluetooth Audio
This one is wired via PCM bus from the CSR Bluetooth chip to the Wolfson codec.
WiFi Module
Accton (WLAN 802.11b/g SiP-M WM3236AQ(Flash Ver:2.0 Atheros AR6001GZ)
- Connected to: S3C2442 SDIO Host controller
- Datasheet: Accton 3236AQ datasheet
- Driver: http://svn.openmoko.org/developers/sameo/patches/
Vibrator
- Driver: https://svn.openmoko.org/trunk/src/target/kernel/patches/gta01-vibrator.patch
- Connected to: S3C2442 GPIO
USB Host
The USB Host controller is inside the S3C2442
- Driver: Stock Linux kernel ohci_hcd
- USB version 1.1
- Supply USB 5v in Host mode using usb power switch AAT1275IRN-5.0-T1
- http://www.analogictech.com/products/digitalfiles/AAT1275.pdf
It should also be possible to use host mode with externally-provided power. This will allow the FreeRunner to be connected to a USB device and powered at the same time.
- Connect gnd, d+, d-, +5 to your USB device
- Connect a 15k ohm resistor between d+ and ground
- Connect a 15k ohm resistor between d- and ground
- Connect a 47k ohm resistor between the ID pin and ground
- Connect gnd, +5 to your >500mA power source
The last two points are taken care of by the external AC charger, so you could use a Y cable that brings the AC adapter together with a cable that connects up the rest.
USB Device
The USB Device controller is inside the S3C2442
- Driver: https://svn.openmoko.org/trunk/src/target/kernel/patches/s3c2410_udc.patch
- Please see USB Product IDs on information about which Vendor/Product IDs we use
- 1200mAh lithium battery charges when connected to powered host.
- Mini-AB connector similar to this one.
I2C Devices
The I2C is a simple communication standard intended to move small amounts of data a few inches between chips.
Please see Neo I2C Devices for more information & a list of devices & the addresses currently in use & documented for the Neo1973.
Audio
See also: Neo1973 Audio Subsystem
Wolfson Codec
There's a WM8753 Wolfson Microelectronics CODEC (This is not a 'smart' codec that can interpret MP3/... it is a simple dumb 'sound card'.
- Product Homepage: http://www.wolfsonmicro.com/products/WM8753/
- Data Sheet: WM8753.pdf
- Connected to: S3C2442 IIS interface (PCM data), S3C2442 I2C (Control)
- Driver: https://svn.openmoko.org/trunk/src/target/kernel/patches/asoc.patch
Mono Amplifier
There's a National Semiconductor LM4853 Mono Amplifier at the analog audio output of the WM8753
- Product Homepage: LM4853.html
- Data Sheet: LM4853.pdf
- Connects to: S3C2442 I2C (Control)
Analog wired Headset
There's a four-ring 2.5mm stereo jack which provides connectivity to old-fashioned wired headsets.
The headsets used by Motorola smartphones (A780,A1200, ...) and the V-360 have a compatible configuration.
Buttons
The Neo1973 GTA02 features two buttons:
Case
The new case for the FreeRunner is all black, as seen on the front page on the wiki. Source: Mickey on IRC
Accessory
Stylus
Using 4 in 1 laser pen
- Vendor: Quarton XPII
- GTA02 standard setup comes with QUARTON XPII 4 in 1 laser pen
Battery
The Neo FreeRunner (GTA02) Battery is mechanically and electrically compatible with the Neo1973 GTA01 Battery, as well as limited compatibility with a Nokia BL6C battery. According to this post on the mailinglist. Photo of the battery inside the Neo1973.
- GTA02 using the smart battery based on TI bq27000 chipset
- SANYO UF653450S 1200mAh cell.
- Battery schematics: GTA02 Smart Battery Schematics
microSD Card
GTA02 should comes with one of following microSD card
Charger
AKII Technology Charger
- Model: A10P1-05MP
- Input: 100-240v~ /0.3A
- Output: +5v up to 2.0A
- Add 47.5k 1% resistor between ID pin and ground for openmoko charger identification
History
GTA02v1
First generation of prototypes that was given to internal OpenMoko software developers. Total 30 pcs fabricated.
- It is working just fine, but still based on 2440, with external NAND/SDRAM and no NOR flash
- Using the PCF50633 05 N3 due to 04 N3 not available, re-work power for basic schematics verification
- Using GTA01 SIM socket
- Add external debug port
- Still using Global locate A-GPS
GTA02v2
Second generation of prototypes, Total 50 pcs run at Taipei SMT factory MOUNT
- Ideal is have 256 MB NAND on Samsung package, Due to chip availability Start using S3C2442 B43
- Using correct PMU PCF50633 04 N3
- Change new SIM socket
- Change to u-blox A-GPS
- Change LCM power from 3.3v to 1.8v
- USB power switch layout/pin assignment mistake, could not verify USB host supply 5v function
- GPS function verified ok with good senstivity
GTA02v3
Production verification version, 2007/10/11 28 pcs fabricate at FIC SuZhou
- Still using S3C2442 B43 for hardware verification
- Using control pilot run to verify S3C2442 B54 chips
GTA02v4
Mass production release candicate version 1
2 weeks after v3 gerber out, release the v4 gerber, and 2007/10/20 20 pcs fabricate at FIC SuZhou
- Change LCM power from 1.8v to 3.3v for display stability issue
- fabricate another 200 pcs for yield rate/production verification
- fabricate 50 pcs with S3C2442 B43 (128 MB NAND) for quality comparsion
- USB host power chip have some output voltage stability issues with Vb/Vcc comes from different power source, need layout change to fix the issue
- Battery Coulomb design not working on A4
GTA02v5
Mass production candicate version 2/Mass production version
- First batch fabricate 2008/1/14 at FIC SuZhou
- Mass production A5 trial run start from 2008 March, including some resistor/capacitor change compare with inital 100 pcs prototypes A5, and prototypes for GTA02 developers was tracked in the Prototypes Page
- Coulomb counter issue fixed
- USB host power switch fixed
- Need add capacitor for PMU Vbat input for stability issue, this could be done by direct SMT or hand rework
- Need rework (still using SMT in production) add capacitor for PMU Vbat input for PMU stability issue.
- Need manual rework GSM IR UART path a 100k pull down for better GSM deep sleep
- ATAG_REVISION: 0350
GTA02v6
Mass production candicate version 3/Mass production version
A6 will be fine tune version of A5, only minor schematic change for better product quality and version control. Capacitor and resistor change A6 also on mass production A5
- First 100 pcs might start from end of 2008 March
- Add capacitor space for Vbat, reduce the SMT effort
- Add GSM IR resistor for better GSM deep sleep
- Reserve 3 GPIO for hardware version control
Debug Board
Debug Board Connector defination
This is the connector used to connect the Debug Board and possibly other hardware.
Connections are:
- 39 - GND
- 38 - STDI
- 37 - _RESET
- 36 - STMS
- 35 - STCK
- 34 - STDO
- 33 - GSM_EN
- 29 - _STRST
- 19 - X_I2C_SCL (H-TP4703)
- 18 - X_I2C_SDA (H-TP4704)
- 17 - SPI_CLK0
- 16 - SPI_MOSI0
- 15 - SPI-MISO0
- 14 - SS0
- 13 - EINT3 (H-TP4705)
- 3 - CONSOLE_TXD (H-TP4701)
- 2 - CONSOLE_RXD (H-TP4702)
Information from [1].
Distinguishing hardware revisions
Inside the Bootloader
Every hardware revision has its own u-boot image type. Thus, the bootloader has the revision hard-coded. The hardware revision is passed on to the kernel via the ATAG mechanism (ATAG_REVISION)
Inside the Kernel
The kernel receives the ATAG_REVISION during bootup, and saves its contents in the "system_rev" global variable.
From Userspace
The kernel exports the system_rev variable in /proc/cpuinfo as "Revision :" line.
Certification
FCC
- 850/1800/1900 Band, FCC ID: EUNGTA02
- 900/1800/1900 Band, FCC ID: EUNGTA02E
NCC
(for Taiwan Import)
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